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Jakarta, 28 May 2010
Acute Bronchitis in Children
Acute Bronchitis in Children
Acute bronchitis is a clinical syndrome produced by inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. In children, acute bronchitis usually occurs in association with viral respiratory tract infection (approximately 90%) and is rarely a primary bacterial infection (only 10%).1
Acute bronchitis leads to the hacking cough and phlegm production that often follows upper respiratory tract infection. And again, this occurs because of the inflammation response of the mucous membranes within the lung’s bronchial passages by viruses.2,3
The most common causes of acute bronchitis in the pediatric population are viral infection such as adenovirus, rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc. And secondary bacterial infection as a part of an acute upper respiratory infection (extremely rare) such as S.pneumoniae, M.catarrhalis, H.influenzae, etc.1
Generally, the clinical course of acute bronchitis is self-limited, with complete healing and full return to function typically seen within 10 – 14 days following symptom onset.
Mucociliary clearance is an important primary innate defense mechanism that protects the lungs from the harmful effects of inhaled pollutants, allergens, and pathogens.4 Mucociliary dysfunction is a common feature of airway disease states in humans.
Antibiotics treatment are not recommended in most cases of acute bronchitis. It may be more beneficial when a treatable pathogen is identified than when a treatable pathogen is not identified. Beta-2 agonist may be considered due to its benefit on reducing the symptom and have shows the effectiveness on the inhibition of rhinovirus infection in human airway epithelial cells.5
Meptin® is a beta-2 agonist drug with procaterol as its active ingredient. Meptin® is classified as a potent and long duration bronchodilator with an unique chemical structure consist of ethyl, carbostyril and isopropyl nucleus which make this drug high selective and high affinity on beta-2 adrenoreceptor.
Meptin® has an anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic action and accelerates mucocilliary activity. As an anti-inflammation and anti-allergic properties, Meptin® prevents the degranulation of the inflammation cells such as mast cells, eosinophil, neutrophil and prevents the release of proinflammatory mediators such as histamine, leucotrienes and prostaglandins.
As a potent beta-2 agonist, Meptin® has a benefit on increasing the mucociliary clearance and accelerates the mucociliary activities despite of the anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the bronchial hyper-responsiveness.
Meptin® is indicated in the treatment of bronchial asthma, acute and chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema and asthma-like bronchitis.
Meptin® is effective, not only in increasing the mucociliary activities, reduced the exercise-induced asthma episodes, preventing nocturnal asthma, but also effective in preventing recurrent chronic cough in children.
Meptin® also has an inhibitory effect on rhinovirus infection in human airway epithelial cells.
References :
- Carolan P., Callahan C. Bronchitis – Acute and Chronic. eMedicine from WebMD. Updated May, 2010.
- Brodzinski H, Ruddy RM. Review of new and newly discovered respiratory tract viruses in children . Pediatr Emerg Care. May 2009 ;25(5) :352-60.
- Miron D, Srugo I, Kra-Oz Z, et al. Sole pathogen in acute bronchiolitis : is the a role for other organisms apart from respiratory syncytial virus ? Pediatr Infect Dis J. Jan 2010 ;29(1) :e7-e10.
- Voynow JA, Rubin BK. Mucins, mucus, and sputum. Chest. Feb 2009 ;135(2) :505-12.
- Incurable diseases conquest project funded by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare : Research study on respiratory failure in 2005, p77-80 March 2006
Philip Darmawan, MD., MKT.
Medical Advisor
pdsony@ho.otsuka.co.id
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